While hanging around the Experimental Psychology library looking for interesting reading material last term, I found a pile of blue ‘Psychologist’ magazines about 3 months past their sell-by date. I picked up one in order to avoid doing any of my work; you cannot resist the opportunity for some instant edification when it is packaged so shinily and bluely. Sadly, I realised that the magazine’s articles ran the full gammut of rubbishness, just a lot of discursive tosh for the psychlogy student. So, standing strong in my quest not to conjugate any Hebrew verbs, I turned my attention from the pursuit of edification, to the pursuit of puerile entertainment.
Once I’d finished reading about the evolution of couple therapy, I read a psychologist’s response to the public’s reaction to the July bombings. It seems that fear, obviously the most immediate reaction, produces a desire to regain some control of the situation. This is in turn translated into avoidance or anger (an emotion that is apprently easier to deal with and control). So you either get on your bike, or defiantely head for your local tube station the next morning. To me this all seems pretty obvious, and hardly worth couching in the pseudo-scientific terms favoured by the ‘CJ’ who signed his initials at the end of this article.
CJ did put forward some interesting information, though; a study by Dr. Jennifer Lerner, a social psychologist at Carnegie Mellon universtiy in the US, showed that both the anger and fear responses were easily intensified. The anger response by, for example, watching a video of Arabs in Iraq celebrating the attacks. The intensification of anger was shown to trigger a more optimistic outlook, and a decrease in feelings of fear and wariness.
The study concluded, fairly predictably, that taking participants who were already judged to be reacting with fear, and showing them a video warning about the dangers of a possible anthrax attack made them even more scared.
If the media wants to produce the kind of courage - or bravado - that makes the public ride the tube the day after an attack, its power to do so is clear. This kind of defiant response is what disarms terrorists; if we really are not afraid, then we can deny them the effectiveness of their human weapons, and we can formulate our response to terrorism rationally.
The obvious responsilities born by a media that can so manipulate our feelings aside, there is a crucially important judgement call to be made when covering terrorist attacks in a country so unused to them. Fearlessness, when faced with a second attack, can wilt into fear. Politicians claiming that we must carry on with our lives, and defy the terrorists are essentially saying that they have the situation under control. As soon as there is a second attack, the public’s confidence in this control and in their leaders’ judgements can be shattered, leading to more widespread fear. In order to disarm terrorists, we do need to carry on as normal, and words such as Ken Livingstone’s ‘Whatever you do, however many you kill, you will fail’, can play an important role in inspiring the public to do so. However, we must be so careful that this bravado does not work against those who preach it, and shatter into fear the next time we are attacked. As for me, I think my anger response was pretty much set in stone from the minute I heard the news.